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Table 2 Ambient air pollution attributable death rate by cause (per 100,000 population, age-standardized) for top 5 polluted regions in 2016 (based on PM2.5 concentration in ug/m3), where WHO data were available for both PM2.5 and outcomes

From: DNA methylation: a potential mediator between air pollution and metabolic syndrome

Location

PM2.5

COPD

Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers

Lower respiratory infections

Stroke

IHD

Total

Niger

93.18

10.96

0.22

58.26

20.59

34.95

125

Nepal

81.57

28.88

4.39

19.67

17.41

42.01

112.4

Qatar

80.8

3.13

3.39

4.05

4.12

31.7

46.4

Mauritania

74.13

6.73

0.28

35.95

13.55

31.63

88.15

Egypt

72.31

10.2

2.3

11.25

19.38

61.9

105

  1. Data are retrieved from Global Health Observatory (GHO)—WHO, 2016. PM2.5: particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD: ischemic heart disease