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Table 2 Representative CpGs significantly associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk

From: Epigenome-wide association study of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: results from the discovery-BPD program

CpG

P

BPD Meth (%)

Non-

BPD Meth (%)

dMeth (%)

Chr

hg19 position

Associated genes

Gene description

cg23328237

9.26E−12

84.96

85.35

− 0.39

15

79,252,815

CTSH

RASGRF1

PRO-cathepsin H precursor

Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1

cg08139238

7.41E−11

77.50

81.95

− 4.45

16

22,219,550

EEF2K

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase

cg14448850

4.46E−10

88.63

90.12

− 1.49

7

22,860,191

TOMM7

mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM7 homolog

cg22707878

6.17E−10

81.68

83.73

− 2.05

3

122,604,848

LINC02035

SLC49A4

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2035

Solute carrier family 49 member 4

cg23540651

9.46E−10

81.90

84.71

− 2.81

1

89,490,034

GBP3

Guanylate-binding protein 3 isoform 4

cg26968498

2.58E−09

87.07

89.35

− 2.28

4

26,174,157

RBPJ

Recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless

cg00013369

5.54E−09

84.61

85.93

− 1.32

1

192,857,594

LINC01032

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1032

cg19815139

6.24E−09

6.15

5.61

0.53

14

77,924,143

AHSA1

VIPAS39

Activator of 90 kDa heat shock protein ATPase homolog 1

Spermatogenesis-defective protein 39 homolog

cg05577945

7.20E−09

5.23

4.54

0.69

13

78,271,874

SLAIN1

MIR3665

SLAIN motif-containing protein 1

microRNA 3665

cg16708174

7.81E−09

76.80

78.42

− 1.62

3

158,430,962

RARRES1

Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 precursor

cg06342416

1.48E−08

15.94

16.12

− 0.18

21

45,773,569

TRPM2

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2

cg26371345

1.64E−08

16.82

12.84

3.98

6

44,090,748

MRPL14

TMEM63B

39S ribosomal protein L14, mitochondrial

CSC1-like protein 2

cg22148297

1.65E−08

14.39

11.05

3.34

13

99,910,587

GPR18

UBAC2

N-arachidonyl glycine receptor

Ubiquitin-associated domain-containing protein 2

cg24025538

2.03E−08

85.77

86.95

− 1.18

19

50,364,499

PTOV1-AS2

PTOV1

PNKP

PTOV1 antisense RNA 2

Prostate tumor-overexpressed gene 1 protein isoform 2

Bifunctional polynucleotide phosphatase/kinase

cg09757859

2.31E−08

85.54

85.85

− 0.32

4

119,948,505

MYOZ2

SYNPO2

Myozenin-2

synaptopodin-2

cg09551145

2.52E−08

11.26

11.05

0.21

1

11,790,591

AGTRAP

DRAXIN

Type-1 angiotensin II receptor-associated protein

draxin precursor

cg22833603

2.54E−08

84.94

87.24

− 2.31

12

48,304,627

VDR

Vitamin D3 receptor

cg20084577

3.20E−08

80.69

83.32

− 2.62

13

33,780,913

STARD13

stAR-related lipid transfer protein 13

cg06787669

3.22E−08

6.58

5.39

1.19

7

45,018,789

MYO1G

SNHG15

Unconventional myosin-Ig

small nucleolar RNA host gene 15

cg18067163

3.93E−08

76.98

78.17

− 1.20

3

128,584,482

LOC653712

Intraflagellar transport 122 homolog pseudogene

cg24252723

4.04E−08

3.39

2.82

0.57

10

104,678,150

CNNM2

Metal transporter CNNM2

cg07733260

4.27E−08

83.54

84.26

− 0.72

3

4,355,431

SETMAR

Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETMAR

cg16176600

4.46E−08

70.13

71.84

− 1.70

6

116,381,609

FRK

Uncharacterized protein LOC583550

cg21845457

5.35E−08

9.77

7.40

2.37

8

65,499,091

BHLHE22

CYP7B1

Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 22

Cytochrome P450 7B1 isoform 1

cg06733215

5.44E−08

79.48

81.87

− 2.39

16

70,317,506

AARS1

Alanine–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic

cg20238368

5.63E−08

85.00

85.56

− 0.56

19

5,795,577

DUS3L

tRNA-dihydrouridine(47) synthase [NAD(P)( +)]-like

cg17270257

5.70E−08

6.92

5.75

1.17

6

166,074,870

PDE10A

cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A

cg24847366

5.72E−08

75.54

84.10

− 8.56

12

125,034,283

NCOR2

Nuclear receptor corepressor 2

cg22228748

5.82E−08

86.93

88.21

− 1.28

1

99,385,800

PLPPR5

Phospholipid phosphatase-related protein type 5

cg10355458

6.88E−08

91.32

89.35

1.97

19

1,578,206

MEX3D

MBD3

RNA-binding protein MEX3D isoform 1

Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3

cg02370222

7.17E−08

88.61

87.82

0.79

6

38,580,256

BTBD9

BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 9

cg17958658

7.25E−08

5.81

4.47

1.34

10

73,847,963

SPOCK2

SPARC (osteonectin), Cwcv, and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2

cg20064830

7.39E−08

83.30

86.31

− 3.00

15

72,535,923

PKM

PARP6

Pyruvate kinase PKM

Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP6

cg07866137

8.21E−08

6.24

5.32

0.92

8

67,579,786

C8orf44

VCPIP1

C8orf44-SGK3

Chromosome 8 open reading frame 44

Deubiquitinating protein VCIP135

Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk3

cg13854960

9.35E−08

75.92

78.23

− 2.31

9

112,965,949

C9orf152

Uncharacterized protein C9orf152

cg08221288

9.96E−08

73.06

79.53

− 6.47

14

50,081,280

RPL36AL

LRR1

60S ribosomal protein L36a

Leucine-rich repeat protein 1

cg16290101

1.04E−07

85.73

87.33

− 1.60

1

204,010,929

LINC00303

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 303

cg07108118

1.04E−07

77.09

80.24

− 3.15

1

76,543,815

ST6GALNAC3

Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3

*cg18363035

1.27E−07

36.55

30.83

5.73

13

20,805,385

GJB6

Gap junction beta-6 protein

*cg04141129

2.09E−07

69.78

77.35

− 7.57

12

32,530,696

FGD4

BICD1

FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 4

Protein bicaudal D homolog 1 isoform 7

*cg03369382

3.37E−07

84.29

85.63

− 1.35

7

139,427,635

HIPK2

Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2

*cg14227558

1.13E−06

27.56

17.94

9.63

2

213,983,851

IKZF2

Zinc finger protein Helios

  1. A total of 275 CpGs were significantly different between BPD (n = 14) and non-BPD (n = 93) infants at FDR = 1%. Shown are 39 passing Bonferroni correction (p < 1.04E−07)- and four selected (*) among FDR CpGs are shown. Robust linear regression p value adjusted by GA, sex, birth weight, 7 cell types, percentage cumulative neonate intensive care unit oxygen days and hospital
  2. Meth mean methylation value (%), dMeth methylation difference in BPD relative to non-BPD, Chr chromosome, hg19 human genome assembly GRCh37
  3. Full list of the significant CpGs differentially methylated between two groups at FDR 5% (1581 CpGs) is in Additional file 1: Table S4