Fig. 4

Gene ontology enrichment and pathway analysis of the full set (n = 221) of identified methylation markers. a Comparisons of the frequency of neuro-related gene ontologies in the complete set of gene ontologies (yellow bar) versus the enriched sets obtained via analysis by GOrilla (green) and clusterProfiler (dark blue). The three major subsets of gene ontologies have been accounted for: cellular component (CC), biological process (BP) and molecular function (MF). b Pathway analysis was performed using the ToppGene tool based on 221 genes with potential as early detection biomarkers. ToppGene links, gene lists with pathways described in three major pathway databases (KEGG pathway, Reactome and PantherDB). Nervous system-related genes are highlighted in green, nervous system-related pathways in orange and genes and pathways with a neuronal background are linked with black lines, other with gray lines