Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of study sample
Newborn | 1 year | 3 years | Complete cases | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Birth weight (grams), mean (SD) | 3304.2 (540.3) | – | – | 3279.8 (621.1) |
Child BMI (kg), mean (SD) | – | 16.4 (2.1) | 16.4 (1.9) | |
Birth weight for gestational age z score, mean (SD) | − 0.09 (1.0) | – | – | − 0.01 (0.9) |
BMI z score, mean (SD) | – | – | 0.15 (1.3) | 0.20 (1.5) |
Weight-for-length z score, mean (SD) | – | 0.83 (1.9) | – | 0.78 (1.3) |
Race, N (%) | ||||
Black | 213 (37) | 109 (37.9) | 117 (39.4) | 66 (39.8) |
White | 163 (28.3) | 87 (30.2) | 84 (28.3) | 44 (26.5) |
Other | 200 (34.7) | 92 (31.9) | 96 (32.3) | 56 (33.7) |
Maternal education, N (%) | ||||
Less than HS | 175 (32.1) | 86 (30.1) | 87 (29.9) | 48 (29.1) |
Completed high school | 211 (38.7) | 104 (36.3) | 112 (38.5) | 61 (37.0) |
Completed college | 159 (29.2) | 96 (33.6) | 92 (31.6) | 56 (33.9) |
Missing | 31 | 2 | 6 | 1 |
Maternal smoking, N (%) | ||||
Yes | 91 (17) | 41 (14.5) | 42 (14.7) | 23 (14.2) |
No | 445 (83) | 242 (85.5) | 243 (85.3) | 139 (85.8) |
Missing | 40 | 5 | 12 | 4 |
Maternal alcohol consumption, N (%) | ||||
Yes | 179 (50.9) | 105 (54.4) | 98 (51.0) | 63 (57.3) |
No | 173 (49.1) | 88 (45.6) | 94 (49.0) | 64 (42.7) |
Missing | 224 | 95 | 104 | 56 |
Maternal age, mean (SD) | 27.8 (5.8) | 28.0 (5.8) | 28.1 (5.8) | 27.9 (5.6) |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, mean (SD) | 27.6 (7.2) | 27.1 (6.6) | 27.4 (6.9) | 27.2 (6.6) |
Gestational age | 38.7 (1.7) | 38.5 (2.0) | 38.6 (1.9) | 38.7 (2.1) |
Infant sex, N (%) | ||||
Male | 299 (52.1) | 149 (51.7) | 152 (51.2) | 86 (51.8) |
Female | 275 (47.9) | 139 (48.3) | 145 (48.8) | 80 (48.2) |