| Children and adolescents | Adults | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(mean ± SD) | (mean ± SD) | |||
Overweight and obese | 32% | 73% | ||
Waist over MetS threshold | 15% | 52% | ||
HOMA over MetS threshold | 17% | 32% | ||
Hypertriglyceride | 9% | 20% | ||
HDL-C over MetS threshold | 51% | 66% | ||
MetS prevalence | NA | 24% | ||
Phenotype | Girls (n = 21) | Boys (n = 32) | Female (n = 85) | Male (n = 54) |
  Weight, kg | 56.35 ± 22.97 | 58.53 ± 25.15 | 82.98 ± 19.63 | 94.60 ± 23.36 |
  Height, cm | 157.81 ± 13.09 | 159.69 ± 20.93 | 164.62 ± 6.87 | 177.31 ± 6.38 |
  BMI, kg/m2 | 22.10 ± 7.50 | 21.80 ± 5.70 | 30.75 ± 7.66 | 30.04 ± 6.76 |
  BMI% | 55.61 ± 34.20 | 66.91 ± 26.16 | NA | NA |
  Waist circumference (WC), cm | 68.15 ± 14.05 | 75.16 ± 18.15 | 93.87 ± 17.89 | 101.58 ± 16.92 |
  Subcutaneous fat (SubQF), g | 361.49 ± 263.70 | 123.31 ± 95.00 | 319.34 ± 191.59 | 255.94 ± 131.42 |
  Visceral fat (VF), g | 78.57 ± 24.02 | 43.66 ± 25.27 | 170.84 ± 149.50 | 265.24 ± 94.95 |
  VF/SubQF | 0.32 ± 0.20 | 0.45 ± 0.20 | 0.56 ± 0.32 | 1.13 ± 0.40 |
  Total abdominal fat (TAF), g | 440.05 ± 287.49 | 166.97 ± 114.39 | 490.18 ± 300.40 | 521.18 ± 204.41 |
  Fasting glucose (FG), mmol/l | 82.28 ± 8.44 | 86.47 ± 8.54 | 84.26 ± 13.07 | 86.58 ± 15.37 |
  Fasting insulin (FI), pmol/l | 14.81 ± 5.50 | 13.73 ± 5.69 | 16.12 ± 15.67 | 21.07 ± 22.91 |
  Insulin/glucose (IGR) | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.44 ± 1.66 | 0.52 ± 1.42 |
  Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | 3.03 ± 1.22 | 2.94 ± 1.32 | 3.53 ± 3.79 | 4.69 ± 5.15 |
  Triglycerides (TG), mmol/l | 78.52 ± 28.11 | 78.00 ± 45.44 | 100.07 ± 52.44 | 117.69 ± 62.38 |
  Total Cholesterol (TC), mmol/l | 152.76 ± 22.71 | 142.66 ± 25.78 | 193.06 ± 41.21 | 194.61 ± 38.77 |
  LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), mmol/l | 89.29 ± 24.62 | 85.75 ± 23.15 | 125.91 ± 38.39 | 133.82 ± 36.28 |
  HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), mmol/l | 46.95 ± 9.93 | 41.31 ± 9.50 | 46.29 ± 13.46 | 37.68 ± 9.93 |
  Systolic blood pressure (sBP), mmHg | 105.50 ± 5.00 | 107.55 ± 10.42 | 127.34 ± 18.56 | 129.61 ± 13.97 |
  Diastolic blood pressure (dBP), mmHg | 66.94 ± 8.30 | 69.45 ± 9.59 | 76.79 ± 10.89 | 81.94 ± 11.39 |
  Adiponectin, ng/ml | 14.42 ± 5.96 | 10.45 ± 5.01 | 9.67 ± 5.52 | 7.95 ± 6.29 |
  Leptin, ng/ml | 13.46 ± 11.26 | 6.66 ± 7.17 | 23.72 ± 14.15 | 9.85 ± 7.22 |