Downstream markers | LC patients | |
---|---|---|
Non-COPD | COPD | |
Tumor suppressor genes P53, PTEN, PDCD4, TPM-1, k-RAS CDKN2A Sirtuin-1 | ↑ | ↓ |
↓ | ↑ | |
= | = | |
Cell proliferation and invasion (through ↓ SPRY-2, MIF and TOM-1) | ↓ | ↑ |
Apoptosis (through ↓ ETS-1) | ↑ | ↓ |
Cell differentiation (through ↓ ETS-1 and FGFRL-1) | ↑ | ↓ |
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (through ↓ ZEB2 and SNAIL-1) | ↑ | ↓ |
Cell- mediated immunity (through ↓ MIF) | ↓ | ↑ |
Angiogenesis (through ↑ angiopoietin-2 and ↓ EFNA-3) | ↓ | ↑ |
Cell adhesion and migration (through ↓ CRK, TOM-1 and MARCKs) | ↑ | ↓ |