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Table 4 Summary of biological processes represented by the downstream markers of the epigenetic events explored in the study in the tumor specimens of LC patients with and without COPD

From: Profile of epigenetic mechanisms in lung tumors of patients with underlying chronic respiratory conditions

Downstream markers

LC patients

Non-COPD

COPD

Tumor suppressor genes

P53, PTEN, PDCD4, TPM-1, k-RAS

CDKN2A

Sirtuin-1

=

=

Cell proliferation and invasion (through ↓ SPRY-2, MIF and TOM-1)

Apoptosis (through ↓ ETS-1)

Cell differentiation (through ↓ ETS-1 and FGFRL-1)

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (through ↓ ZEB2 and SNAIL-1)

Cell- mediated immunity (through ↓ MIF)

Angiogenesis (through ↑ angiopoietin-2 and ↓ EFNA-3)

Cell adhesion and migration (through ↓ CRK, TOM-1 and MARCKs)

  1. = there were no significant differences for the specific tumor markers between LC-COPD and LC patients without COPD