Maternal characteristics | Mean (SD) or N (%) |
---|---|
Pre-pregnancy risk factorsa | |
Maternal age at delivery, years | 33.3 (5.8) |
Below 20 years, yes | 22 (3.0%) |
Above 40 years, yes | 115 (14.1%) |
Pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancy, yes | 178 (21.9%) |
Intrauterine growth estriction in previous pregnancy, yes | 85 (10.4%) |
Gestational diabetes in previous pregnancy, yes | 84 (10.3%) |
Diet treated | 75 (9.2%) |
Insulin treated | 9 (1.1%) |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index kg/m2 | 27.4 (6.4) |
≥30 kg/m2 | 287 (35.3%) |
Pre-pregnancy chronic hypertension, yes | 109 (13.4%) |
Pre-pregnancy type 1 diabetes, yes | 12 (1.5%) |
Pre-pregnancy systemic lupus erythematosus, yes | 2 (0.3%) |
Sjögren’s syndrome, yes | 11 (1.4%) |
Previous pregnancy with fetal demise (>22 gestational weeks or over 500 g), yes | 28 (3.4%) |
Number of known pre-pregnancy risk factors | |
No known pre-pregnancy risk factors | 79 (9.7%) |
1 or 2 pre-pregnancy risk factors | 696 (85.5%) |
3 or more pre-pregnancy risk factors | 31 (3.8%) |
Data not available | 8 (1.0%) |
Pregnancy disorders | |
Gestational diabetes, yes | 183 (22.5%) |
Diet treated | 147 (18.1%) |
Insulin treated | 36 (4.4%) |
Data not available on gestational diabetes treatment | 2 (0.2%) |
Data not available on gestational diabetes diagnosis | 1 (0.1%) |
Hypertension spectrum pregnancy disorders, yes | |
Gestational hypertension | 80 (9.8%) |
Pre-eclampsia | 61 (7.5%) |
Early pre-eclampsia (diagnosis <34 weeks of gestation) | 53 (6.5%) |
Late pre-eclampsia (diagnosis ≥34 weeks of gestation) | 8 (1.0%) |
Non-severe pre-eclampsia | 42 (5.2%) |
Severe pre-eclampsia | 19 (2.3%) |
Chronic hypertension | 134 (16.5%) |
Data not available | 1 (0.1%) |
Other characteristics | |
Education level | |
Lower secondary or less | 359 (44.1%) |
Upper secondary | 184 (22.6%) |
Tertiary | 248 (30.5%) |
Data not available | 23 (2.8%) |
Parity | |
Primiparous | 247 (30.3%) |
Multiparous | 566 (69.5%) |
Data not available | 1 (0.1%) |
Smoking during pregnancy | |
Non-smoker | 780 (95.8%) |
Quit during first trimester | 26 (3.2%) |
Smoked throughout the pregnancy | 8 (1.0%) |
Data not available | 0 |
Alcohol use during pregnancy | |
No | 588 (72.2%) |
Yes | 117 (14.4%) |
Data not available | 109 (13.4%) |
Mode of delivery | |
Vaginal | 640 (78.6%) |
Cesarean | 173 (21.3%) |
Data not available | 1 (0.1%) |
Antenatal betamethasone treatment | |
No | 750 (92.1%) |
Yes (n = 1 for 12 mg/24 h, n = 22 for 24 mg/24 h, n = 1 for 48 mg/24 h, n = 11 for no information on dose) | 35 (4.3%) |
Timing of antenatal betamethasone treatment, number of days before birth | 33.4 (27.1) |
30 days or less before delivery | 14 (1.7%) |
30 days or more before delivery | 13 (1.6%) |
Data not available | 29 (3.6%) |
Neonatal characteristics | |
Sex | |
Girls | 384 (47.2%) |
Boys | 430 (52.8%) |
Data not available | 0 |
Gestational age at birth, weeks | 39.76 (1.60) |
Data not available | 0 |
DNA methylation gestational age, weeks | 38.45 (2.05) |
Data not available | 0 |
Raw epigenetic gestational age difference, DNA methylation gestational age-gestational age | −1.32 (1.85) |
Data not available | 0 |
Absolute epigenetic gestational age difference, DNA methylation gestational age-gestational age in absolute values | 1.78 (1.41) |
Data not available | 0 |
Horvath DNA methylation age at birth, weeks | 9.77 (19.51) |
Data not available | 0 |
Birth weight, g | 3549 (546) |
Small for gestational age, yesb | 23 (2.8%) |
Data not available | 1 (0.1%) |
Birth length, cm | 50 (2) |
Small for gestational age, yesb | 21 (2.6%) |
Data not available | 1 (0.1%) |
Head circumference, cm | 35 (2) |
Small for gestational age, yesb | 14 (1.7%) |
Data not available | 2 (0.3%) |
Ponderal index, kg/m3 | 27.8 (2.7) |
Data not available | 1 (0.1%) |
Placenta weight, g | 615 (134) |
Cord blood pH | |
Arterial | 7.26 (0.09) |
Venous | 7.31 (0.08) |
Apgar score | |
9–10 | 611 (75.1%) |
7–8 | 145 (17.8%) |
≤6 | 47 (5.8%) |
Data not available | 11 (1.4%) |