Table 1 Associations of PITX3 DNA methylation (mPITX3) with clinicopathological parameters of PCa patients from the training (n = 498) and validation cohort (n = 300)

All patients

498 (100 %)

62.0

300 (100 %)

57.9

Mean/median follow-up (months)

22/16

66/63

Age (years)

0.021^a

0.011^a

 ≤60

224 (45.0 %)

60.2

166 (73.8 %)

58 (25.8 %)

71 (23.7 %)

50.0

48 (64.0 %)

23 (30.7 %)

 >60

274 (55.0 %)

62.9

184 (66.9 %)

90 (32.7 %)

219 (73.0 %)

61.0

115 (51.3 %)

104 (46.4 %)

 Unknown

0 (0.0 %)

10 (3.3 %)

T category

0.017^a

<0.001^a

 pT1/2

188 (37.8 %)

59.6

147 (78.2 %)

41 (21.8 %)

198 (66.0 %)

53.4

128 (62.4 %)

70 (34.1 %)

 pT3/4

293 (58.8 %)

63.3

189 (64.1 %)

104 (35.3 %)

88 (29.3 %)

69.0

32 (35.6 %)

56 (62.2 %)

 Unknown

17 (3.4 %)

14 (4.7 %)

ISUP Gleason grading group

0.035^b

0.029^b

 1 (<7)

45 (9 %)

61.6

33 (73.3 %)

12 (26.7 %)

155 (51.7 %)

53.1

99 (60.7 %)

56 (34.4 %)

 2 (3 + 4)

147 (29.5 %)

59.5

118 (79.2 %)

29 (19.5 %)

53 (17.7 %)

58.5

29 (54.7 %)

24 (45.2 %)

 3 (4 + 3)

101 (20.3 %)

62.1

67 (66.3 %)

34 (33.7 %)

23 (7.7 %)

69.0

10 (43.5 %)

13 (56.5 %)

 4 (=8)

64 (12.9 %)

61.0

34 (67.2 %)

21 (32.8 %)

34 (11.3 %)

61.1

17 (48.6 %)

17 (48.6 %)

 5 (>8)

141 (28.3 %)

64.1

89 (63.1 %)

52 (36.9 %)

15 (5.0 %)

66.4

3 (18.8 %)

12 (75.0 %)

 Unknown

0 (0.0 %)

20 (6.7 %)

Surgical margin

0.19^a

0.62^a

 R0

318 (63.9 %)

60.2

227 (71.4 %)

89 (28.0 %)

198 (66.0 %)

55.3

117 (49.1 %)

74 (37.4 %)

 R1

152 (30.5 %)

63.5

103 (67.8 %)

49 (32.2 %)

96 (32.0 %)

62.7

44 (45.8 %)

50 (52.1 %)

 Unknown

28 (5.6 %)

6 (2.0 %)

Nodal status

0.75^a

0.66^a

 pN0

349 (70.1 %)

61.7

243 (69.8 %)

103 (29.6 %)

279 (93.0 %)

57.5

152 (54.5 %)

117 (41.9 %)

 pN1

79 (15.8 %)

61.6

55 (69.6 %)

24 (30.4 %)

17 (5.7 %)

61.7

9 (52.9 %)

8 (47.1 %)

 Unknown

70 (14.1 %)

4 (1.3 %)

Pre-surgical PSA (ng/ml)

0.051^b

0.089^b

 0–4

53 (10.6 %)

60.0

39 (73.4 %)

14 (26.4 %)

24 (8.70 %)

49.4

19 (70.4 %)

5 (18.5 %)

 4–10

286 (57.5 %)

60.5

210 (73.4 %)

76 (26.6 %)

169 (56.3 %)

58.3

95 (54.9 %)

74 (42.8 %)

 >10

156 (31.3 %)

64.0

98 (62.0 %)

58 (36.7 %)

84 (28.0 %)

61.0

43 (49.4 %)

41 (47.1 %)

 Unknown

3 (0.6 %)

23 (7.7 %)

ERG fusion^c

0.58^a

0.15^a

 Negative

178 (35.8 %)

61.7

125 (70.2 %)

53 (29.8 %)

164 (54.7 %)

68.9

65 (44.5 %)

74 (50.7 %)

 Positive

152 (30.5 %)

62.9

106 (69.7 %)

46 (30.3 %)

56 (18.7 %)

65.7

27 (41.5 %)

35 (53.8 %)

 Unknown

168 (33.7 %)

80 (26.7 %)

AR score

0.35^a

0.32^a

 Negative

246 (49.4 %)

61.4

124 (74.7 %)

42 (25.3 %)

83 (27.7 %)

68.95

40 (48.2 %)

40 (48.2 %)

 Positive

84 (16.9 %)

64.5

109 (35.3 %)

58 (34.7 %)

81 (27.0 %)

68.5

46 (56.8 %)

34 (42.0 %)

 Unknown

186 (33.7 %)

136 (45.3 %)