Maternal B vitamins: effects on offspring weight and DNA methylation at genomically imprinted domains

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 3 Maternal B vitamins and 3-year weight gain by infant sex: Newborn Epigenetics STudy (N = 273)

		Infant sex
	All participants (N = 273)	Male children (N-137)	Female children (N = 136)
Maternal B vitamin	β coefficient, standard error, p value
B₁₂
≤322.47 ng/L	Reference	Reference	Reference
322.48–446.04 ng/L	−381.14, 732.87, 0.60	33.23, 1199.92, 0.98	−625.74, 891.01, 0.49
446.05–575.51 ng/L	−1395.75, 673.18, 0.04	−1010.30, 1086.31, 0.36	−1782.25,711.58, 0.02
>575.51 ng/L	−2203.03, 722.49, 0.003	−2154.17, 1224.31, 0.09	−1626.59, 837.17, 0.07
p for interaction		0.6998
PLP
≤3.76 nM/L	Reference	Reference	Reference
3.77–7.47 nM/L	448.65, 839.88, 0.60	1116.26, 1213.31,0.37	−1964.83, 1063.30, 0.08
7.48–12.05 nM/L	694.16, 897.50, 0.44	1220.60, 1530.15, 0.43	−1778.70, 1006.86, 0.09
>12.05 nM/L	1181.95, 866.33, 0.18	2943.29, 1365.99, 0.04	−1737.49, 936.33, 0.08
p for interaction		0.1018
PA
≤2.06 nM/L	Reference	Reference	Reference
2.07–3.21 nM/L	−268.93, 891.83, 0.76	391.05, 1476.59, 0.79	−1041.07,938.43, 0.28
3.22–5.93 nM/L	−997.02, 778.44, 0.20	784.35, 1434.70, 0.59	−2307.87, 718.25, 0.005
>5.93 nM/L	−294.59, 826.98, 0.72	983.67, 1525.03, 0.52	−1334.04, 689.14, 0.07
p for interaction		0.2046
Hcy
≤4.40 umol/L	Reference	Reference	Reference
4.41–5.10 umol/L	227.32, 755.24, 0.76	−692.64, 1335.38, 0.61	63.93,715.18, 0.93
5.11–6.00 umol/L	71.24,793.17, 0.93	−1992.29, 1505.14,0.20	730.08, 837.30, 0.40
>6.00 umol/L	−217.90,795.33, 0.79	−1256.44, 1479.32, 0.40	554.96, 878.78, 0.54
p for interaction		0.7041

Adjusted for gestational age at blood draw, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, household income, maternal race/ethnicity, breastfeeding, and caloric intake at age 3
BMI body mass index, B ₁₂ vitamin B₁₂, PLP pyridoxal phosphate, PA 4-pyridoxic acid, Hcy homocysteine

ISSN: 1868-7083