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Fig. 2 | Clinical Epigenetics

Fig. 2

From: The GALNT9, BNC1 and CCDC8 genes are frequently epigenetically dysregulated in breast tumours that metastasise to the brain

Fig. 2

Methylation status of GALNT9, CCDC8 and BNC1 in metastatic brain tumours and their corresponding originating primary breast tumours from individual patients. CoBRA was used to determine methylation status; small, digested PCR products in the Bstu1 cut (C) lane compared to the undigested (U) lane indicates promoter methylation in a sample. a GALNT9, b CCDC8 and c BNC1 were frequently methylated (*) in metastatic brain tumours (BM). However, GALNT9 and BNC1 were not commonly methylated in the originating breast primary (BP) tumours (a, c). CCDC8 promoter was methylated in both the originating primary tumours (BP) and the associated brain metastases (BM) from individual patients (b). Of eight matched pairs analysed, BNC1 was methylated in all metastatic brain tumours whereas it was methylated in only one of the corresponding primary tumours (for example, see patients 2, 3 and 8). Of six matched pairs analysed, GALNT9 was methylated in three metastatic brain tumours (see patients 1 and 12), whereas it was not methylated in any of the corresponding primary tumours. Of 11 matched pairs analysed, CCDC8 was methylated in ten metastatic tumours and all corresponding primary tumours (for example, see patients 1, 3 and 5). However, it was not methylated in normal tissue (BN) adjacent to the primary breast tumour (see patient 1). (BP breast primary tumour, BM metastatic brain tumour, BN adjacent normal breast tissue, U uncut/control sample, C cut by methylation specific restriction enzyme, *methylated samples)

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