Table 1 HDACs implicated in chromatin structure/function during DNA damage and repair

Class I

HDAC1

Protects from DNA damage, sustains DNA damage checkpoint, maintains DNA replication, regulates oxidative stress and NHEJ

H3K56, p21, p53, BRCA1, CHES1, PCNA, Top II, ATM, ATR, RFC, ING1a, APE1/Ref1

[41, 64–71, 321]

HDAC2

Participates in DNA damage signaling by translocation to nucleus; regulates DNA repair

H3K56, BRCA1, ATR

[41, 66, 68]

HDAC3

Protects from DNA damage, maintains replication fork, mitotic spindle and helps in DNA repair and genomic stability via HDAC3/NCOR/SMRT complexes

H3K9/K14, H4K5/K12

[42, 72, 75–77]

Class IIa

HDAC4

Increases DNA repair by translocation to the nucleus and signaling repair

53BP1

[78, 79]

HDAC9

DNA repair through homologous recombination

Not yet identified

[43]

Class IIb

HDAC6

Role in chemosensitization

GADD153

[80]

HDAC10

DNA repair through homologous recombination

Not yet identified

[43]

Class III

SIRT1

Protects from oxidative DNA damage, maintains telomere length and activates DNA repair through HR, NER, and BER

p53, FoXO1, WRN, Ku70, Tip60, APE1, H3K56, NBS1, MRN, telomere, XPA, XPC

[81–83, 86–94, 97, 98]

SIRT3

Transports to mitochondria and reduces oxidative DNA damage

Idh2, H4K16

[99, 100]

SIRT6

Promotes DNA repair by HR, forms a complex with DNA-PK and resists DNA damage; maintains chromatin structure and genomic stability

H3K9/K56, CtIP, XPA, DNAPK

[21, 101, 102]