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Table 2 Example of interactions between oncogenic viral proteins and host epigenetic machinery

From: Epigenetic mechanisms in virus-induced tumorigenesis

Virus

Viral protein

Epigenetic interaction

HPV

E7

Binds DNMT1 and stimulates DNA methyltransferase activity

Binds HDACs and Mi2 subunit of Nurd ATP-dependent remodeling complex

Induces KMD6A and KDM6B histone demethylase expression

Induces expression of histone methyltransferase EZH2

E6

Interacts with p300/CBP and inhibits HAT activity

EBV

LMP1

Activates DNMTs 1, 3a, and 3b

EBNA2

Interacts with p300 and activates transcription

EBNA3c

Binds HDACs

KSHV

LANA

Activates DNMT3a

Interacts with SUV39H1, MeCP2, and mSin3

vIRFs

Binds p300/CBP and inhibits HAT activity

HBV

HBx

Activates DNMT1

Regulates the expression of DNMT3a and DNMT3b

Interacts with p300/CBP

Interacts with HDAC

Adenovirus

E1A

Binds DNMT1 and stimulates DNA methyltransferase activity

Binds p300/CBP, TRRAP/GCN5, and PCAF HAT complexes

Binds to p400 and promotes the formation of a Myc–p400 complex at Myc-target gene promoters

E4ORF3

Stimulates de novo H3K9me3 heterochromatin formation specifically at p53 target promoters

HTLV-1

Tax

Interacts with p300/CBP to repress transcription

Binds BRG1 subunit of chromatin-remodeling complexes

  1. vIRF viral homologue of interferon regulatory factor